NEW HAMPSHIRE STATE - A state renowned for its rugged mountains and picturesque coastline, also holds a rich history dating back to the earliest days of European settlement in North America. Nestled along the banks of the Piscataqua River, Dover proudly claims the title of New Hampshire's oldest city, and the seventh oldest continuous settlement in the entire United States. Founded in 1623, Dover's story is a testament to the resilience of early settlers, the importance of maritime trade, and the enduring spirit of a community that has thrived for nearly four centuries.
Unveiling the History of New Hampshire's Oldest City - A Seafaring Legacy
This article explores the founding and evolution of Dover, highlighting its unique place in New Hampshire history.
The Hilton Brothers and the Founding of Dover Point
Dover's origins trace back to 1623, when two English brothers, William and Edward Hilton, established a fishing and trading settlement at a strategic location known as Pomeroy Cove on Dover Point. This site, near the confluence of the Bellamy and Piscataqua Rivers, offered access to both inland waterways and the open ocean, making it ideal for trade and resource gathering, as documented by the New Hampshire Historical Society and early colonial records. The settlement was at first called Hilton's Point. The town was also called Cocheco for a time.
Early Growth and Colonial Life
The Hilton brothers' settlement, initially known as Hilton's Point (and later Cocheco), attracted further colonists. In 1633, a new group of colonists from England purchased the settlement, bringing with them additional resources and skills, and spurring further growth, as detailed in historical accounts of Dover's founding. These early settlers established a community based on fishing, farming, and trade, adapting to the challenges and opportunities of the New England landscape.
Shipbuilding, Garrisons, and Industrial Transformation
Dover's history is marked by its adaptability and resourcefulness. The town became renowned for its shipbuilding industry, leveraging its access to timber and its proximity to the coast to construct vessels for trade and fishing, as documented by the Gundalow Company, a non-profit organization dedicated to preserving maritime heritage. Dover was also known for its numerous garrisons, fortified log structures built to protect settlers from potential attacks, reflecting the often-precarious nature of early colonial life. The Industrial Revolution brought significant changes to Dover. By 1830, the city had emerged as a leading manufacturer of cotton goods, harnessing water power from the Cocheco River to drive its mills, as detailed in industrial histories of New England. Later in the 19th century, a thriving brick industry further diversified Dover's economy.
Preserving the Past: The Woodman Museum and Beyond
Today, Dover embraces its rich history. The Woodman Museum, located in downtown Dover, offers a fascinating glimpse into the city's past, with exhibits on local history, natural history, and decorative arts, as described on the museum's website. Exploring Dover's historic neighborhoods, walking along its riverfront, and visiting its museums provides a tangible connection to the city's centuries-long story. Dover is now one of New Hampshire's most populated towns.
Dover, New Hampshire's oldest city and the seventh oldest continuous settlement in the United States, stands as a living testament to the enduring spirit of early colonists and the evolution of a New England community. From its humble beginnings as a fishing and trading post to its rise as an industrial center and its present-day status as a thriving city, Dover's story is a microcosm of New Hampshire's history. Exploring Dover is a journey through time, a chance to connect with the roots of a state and a nation.
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Sources:
- New Hampshire Historical Society
- Early colonial records of New Hampshire
- Gundalow Company
- Woodman Museum website
- Dover city website
