WEST VIRGINIA - While West Virginia's history as a distinct state is relatively young, separating from Virginia during the Civil War in 1863, the area boasts much older settlements. The distinction of being the first incorporated town in what is now West Virginia belongs to Shepherdstown.
Early Origins and Incorporation
Shepherdstown's roots trace back to the early 18th century when German immigrants began settling the fertile lands along the Potomac River. The earliest known European settlement in the area dates to around 1730, when Thomas Shepherd, an English Quaker, established a grist mill at the site. This mill became a focal point for the surrounding agricultural community.
The formal establishment and incorporation of the town occurred on December 24, 1762, by an act of the Virginia General Assembly. At that time, it was known as Mecklenburg, named after Queen Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, the wife of King George III. However, the town was more commonly referred to as "Shepherd's Mill" or "Shepherd's Town" by its inhabitants and eventually officially changed its name to Shepherdstown in 1798.
A Town of Firsts and Historical Significance
Shepherdstown's claim to fame extends beyond just being the first town:
- Revolutionary War Contributions: The town played a role in the American Revolution. Men from Shepherdstown formed part of General George Washington's "Beeline March" to Boston in 1775, providing crucial support to the Continental Army.
- Early Industrial Innovation: It was in Shepherdstown that James Rumsey famously demonstrated his steamboat on the Potomac River in 1787, predating Robert Fulton's commercial success. This groundbreaking event is commemorated in the town.
- Civil War Impact: Due to its strategic location near the Potomac River and Antietam Creek, Shepherdstown was heavily impacted by the Civil War. It served as a hospital town after the Battle of Antietam, with many of its homes and churches tending to the wounded.
Preserving History
Today, Shepherdstown is a charming and historic community that proudly embraces its past. Its well-preserved 18th and 19th-century architecture, independent shops, and artistic vibe draw visitors. The town's historical significance is evident in its streetscapes, museums, and annual events that celebrate its unique place in West Virginia's story.
