WEST VIRGINIA STATE - West Virginia, the Mountain State, is a land of rugged beauty and deep historical roots. Among its many charming towns, two stand out for their claims to being the oldest in the state: Shepherdstown and Romney. Both established in 1762, these historic communities offer a glimpse into West Virginia's colonial past and the region's early settlement.
Shepherdstown and Romney: Unveiling the Contested History of West Virginia's Oldest Towns
This article explores the intertwined histories of Shepherdstown and Romney, examining their founding, significance, and the friendly rivalry surrounding their shared title as West Virginia's oldest towns.
A Tale of Two Charters: The 1762 Founding
The story of Shepherdstown and Romney's origins is tied to the colonial expansion of Virginia, of which they were originally a part. Both towns were officially chartered in 1762 by the Virginia General Assembly, a fact documented in the legislative records of the time and preserved by the Library of Virginia. This simultaneous chartering is the root of the friendly debate over which town can rightfully claim the title of "oldest."
Shepherdstown: A Flourishing Community on the Potomac
Shepherdstown, located in present-day Jefferson County along the Potomac River, was initially settled in the early 18th century, with some sources, like the Shepherdstown Historical Society, suggesting a settlement date as early as the 1730s. Originally named Mecklenburg, it was founded by Thomas Shepherd. The town quickly became a center of trade and commerce, benefiting from its location on the Potomac River and its proximity to fertile farmland. As noted in historical accounts, it was a contender to be the new nation's capital, losing to the planned city of Washington, D.C.
Shepherdstown: A Legacy of Education and Preservation
Shepherdstown is home to Shepherd University, a public liberal arts university founded in 1871. The university's presence has contributed significantly to the town's cultural and intellectual life, as detailed on the university's website. The city is also known for its well-preserved historic district, with many buildings dating back to the 18th and 19th centuries.
Romney: A Strategic Location in the South Branch Valley
Romney, situated in Hampshire County in the scenic South Branch Valley of the Potomac River, also traces its origins to the mid-18th century. Settled around 1738 and initially known as Pearsall's Flats, the town was strategically located along a major Native American trail, as documented by the Hampshire County Historical Society. It was chartered as the town of Romney in 1762. During the Civil War, the town changed hands many times between Union and Confederate forces.
Romney: A Crossroads of History
Romney's location made it a strategic point during various conflicts, including the French and Indian War and the Civil War. The town changed hands numerous times during the Civil War, a testament to its strategic importance, as detailed in historical accounts of the battles fought in the region. Today, Romney is known for its historic sites, including the Indian Mound Cemetery, which contains a large Native American burial mound.
A Friendly Rivalry: Two Towns, One Shared Heritage
While the debate over which town is truly the "oldest" may never be settled, Shepherdstown and Romney share a unique bond as the oldest incorporated towns in West Virginia. They both were chartered in 1762. Both towns embrace their historical significance, preserving historic buildings, promoting heritage tourism, and celebrating their contributions to the state's history.
Shepherdstown and Romney, West Virginia's two oldest towns, offer a captivating journey into the state's colonial past. Their intertwined histories, marked by simultaneous charters in 1762, provide a unique perspective on the early settlement and development of the region. Whether you're exploring Shepherdstown's historic district and vibrant university atmosphere or delving into Romney's strategic significance and Civil War history, both towns offer a rewarding experience for anyone interested in uncovering the rich heritage of the Mountain State.
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Sources:
- Library of Virginia
- Shepherdstown Historical Society
- Shepherd University Website
- Hampshire County Historical Society
- West Virginia State Archives
- National Park Service
