PENNSYLVANIA STATE - Pennsylvania, a state steeped in American history, is home to bustling metropolises and charming towns with unique stories. But when claiming the title of "oldest city," one name stands out: Chester. Nestled along the Delaware River in Delaware County, this often-overlooked city predates even the iconic Philadelphia, holding a unique and significant place in the annals of Pennsylvania's past.
Unearthing History: Chester - The Oldest City in Pennsylvania
This article delves into Chester's historical roots, tracing its journey from a Swedish settlement to its present-day status as the state's oldest city.
From Swedish Roots to Pennsylvania's First Capital: Chester's Early Days:
Chester's origins predate the establishment of Pennsylvania as an English colony. According to the Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission, Swedish settlers established a community called "Upland" in the area as early as 1644. This makes it the oldest European settlement in Pennsylvania. "The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia" further clarifies that Upland served as the seat of government for the New Sweden colony. When William Penn received his charter for Pennsylvania in 1681, Upland became part of the new colony.
A Shift in Power: Philadelphia's Rise and Chester's Evolution:
In 1682, William Penn arrived in Pennsylvania and renamed Upland to Chester. It became the first capital of his colony. However, Penn soon established Philadelphia as the new capital, a decision that would forever alter the trajectory of both cities, as documented in "Philadelphia: A 300-Year History," edited by Russell F. Weigley. While Philadelphia blossomed into a significant colonial center, Chester maintained its importance as a port and shipbuilding hub. It was also a center for milling and manufacturing.
Incorporation and Identity: Solidifying Chester's Claim:
Its early incorporation further solidified Chester's status as the oldest city. While the exact date of its initial incorporation under Swedish rule is debated, it was reincorporated under English rule in 1701, well before Philadelphia's incorporation in 1701. This makes it the oldest incorporated city in the state. The city was reincorporated in 1701 and 1795. This fact is frequently cited in historical records, including those maintained by the City of Chester itself. It was the county seat of Chester County. In 1789, the county seat moved to West Chester.
A Legacy Etched in Time: Chester's Historical Landmarks:
Chester's rich history is reflected in its surviving architecture and landmarks. The 1724 Chester Courthouse, as noted by the National Park Service, is the oldest public building still in use in the United States. Other notable sites include the Caleb Pusey House, believed to be the only building still standing that William Penn is known to have visited, and the Delaware Street Historic District, which showcases a range of architectural styles from the 18th and 19th centuries.
Chester's claim as the oldest city in Pennsylvania is firmly rooted in its early settlement by Swedish colonists, its initial role as the colony's first capital, and its early incorporation. While Philadelphia may have eclipsed it in size and prominence, Chester's historical significance remains undeniable. Exploring Chester today offers a journey back in time, a chance to connect with the very beginnings of Pennsylvania's story and appreciate the enduring legacy of its oldest city.
Sources:
- Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission
- "The Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia"
- "Philadelphia: A 300-Year History," edited by Russell F. Weigley
- City of Chester Official Website
- National Park Service
- Chester County
